PHENOTHIAZINE PHOTOTOXICITY: TOXIC CHLORPROMAZINE PHOTOPRODUCTS

Phenothiazine phototoxicity: an experimental study on chlorpromazine and its metabolites.

Chlorpromazine (CPZ) metabolites were studied for their phototoxic potency with the mouse tail technique. The demethylated metabolites were more phototoxic potency with the mouse tail technique. The demethylated metabolites were more phototoxic than CPZ, while CPZ-sulfoxide, 7-hydroxy-CPZ, and 2-chlorphenothiazine were less phototoxic. The phototoxicity of CPZ and desmethyl-CPZ preexposed to UV...

Chlorpromazine and dopamine: conformational similarities that correlate with the antischizophrenic activity of phenothiazine drugs.

Phenothiazines and butyrophenones are known to alter dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) metabolism in the brain in a fashion suggesting that they may block dopamine receptors. We observed, using Dreiding molecular models, that dopamine in its solid-state conformation is superimposable upon a portion of the known x-ray structure of chlorpromazine [2-chloro-10-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-phenothi...

Photoinduced free radicals from chlorpromazine and related phenothiazines: relationship to phenothiazine-induced photosensitization.

Chlorpromazine and several other related phenothiazines are known to cause both phototoxic and photoallergic reactions in the skin and eyes of patients receiving these drugs. While the detailed mechanisms of photosensitization are not known, it is obvious that the first step must be the absorption of light by the drug, its metabolites, or photoproducts, or possibly an induced endogenous chemica...

Toxic epidermal necrolysis following chlorpromazine ingestion complicated by SIADH.

Ocular phototoxicity.

The human eye is constantly exposed to sunlight and artificial lighting. Therefore the eye is exposed to UV-B (295-320 nm), UV-A (320-400 nm), and visible light (400-700 nm). Light is transmitted through the eye and then signals the brain directing both sight and circadian rhythm. Therefore light absorbed by the eye must be benign. Damage to the young and adult eye by intense ambient light is a...